Refineries are a core and essential part of the oil supply chain, ensuring that raw crude oil can be converted into process ready oils for transportation, manufacture and energy. The raw material from crude comes in a variety of consistencies, ranging from light, sweet crude which requires minimal processing to sand-based crude which requires extensive processing to get it into suitable compositions for industrial applications. Refineries play a crucial role in configuring the composition of crude oil to enable use in commerce, ranging from direct fuel applications to use as an input in the manufacturing process.
To understand how the refining process works, it’s important to start by analyzing the chemical composition of raw crude oil. Unprocessed crude oil needs to be separated into its components before it can be processed into finished products such as fuel and commercial ingredients. The actual fuel byproduct of crude oil is a processed form of hydrocarbons. Purification of the crude oil results in specialized fuel products and lubricants which can be used in industrial processes. Oil refineries are capable of processing several hundred thousand barrels of oil each day, allowing for complete industrial production.
Extracted oil comes in a variety of forms ranging from sweet, light crude which requires minimal processing time to difficult to separate forms of crude oil from sands. Oil refineries are designed to get the very most from the raw products through refinement into various octane levels for use in transportation. Refineries are able to process finished oil products for use in automobiles, planes, trains and sea faring boats, each of which requires their own recombination process to deliver a final product. Refineries are designed to handle a multitude of potential crude oil sources for finishing into final products of various types, ranging from jet fuel to standard diesel fuel.
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